Year: 2026 | Month: April | Volume: 13 | Issue: 4 | Pages: 183-200
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20260418
Using Fuel Cell Technology to Power Water Purification Systems: A Sustainable Solution for Clean Drinking Water
John, C. C.a, Ezihe, J. A.a, Echewodo J. C.a, Jacob O. J.a, Ike U. G.a
aDepartment of Physics, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 1526, Owerri, Nigeria.
Corresponding Author: Ezihe, J. A.
ABSTRACT
The global water crisis, driven by population growth, the changing climate and pollution necessitates innovative solutions to ensure availability of safe drinking water. This study explores the integration of fuel cell technology with water purification systems as a sustainable and efficient solution. Fuel cells, converting chemical l energy to electric energy through electrochemical reactions, offer a clean, adaptable, and efficient power source. The study examines multiple cells classification, such as proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), and Microbial Hydrogen Powered Cell (MHPC), emphasizing their environmental benefits, energy efficiency, and off-grid capabilities. Fuel cell-based water purification leverages their ability to yield electrical output while enabling processes such as advanced membrane-based water treatment and electrochemical disinfection. Such implementations show efficiency improvements in remote or disaster-prone areas, providing reliable clean water with minimal emissions. Case studies, such as PEMFC-powered desalination plants in Kenya, highlight their transformative potential in addressing water scarcity and improving public health. Despite challenges like high costs, limited infrastructure, and hydrogen production constraints, advancements in technology and supportive policies are enhancing the feasibility of fuel cell-powered systems. This research underscores the role of fuel cell technology in achieving global water security and advancing the UN SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) for clean water and affordable energy.
Keywords: Fuel Cell, Water Purification, Renewable Energy Integration, Electricity Generation.
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